Three-Horizon Framework for Technosignature Searches: Optical Beacons, Planetary Signatures, and Megastructures in Existing Astronomical Data

To the point

Non-radio technosignatures can be hunted now and in the near future by using data from current, near-future, and future observatories to look for optical beacons, planetary technologies, and megastructures, with null results tightening how common intelligent life is and a discovery potentially reshaping our understanding, while collaboration across missions is essential, as Andy Tomaswick notes.

Which Missions and Observatories can Detect Technosignatures?
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Which Missions and Observatories can Detect Technosignatures?

A 2022 TechnoClimes framework proposes using existing astronomical data to hunt technosignatures across three observatory horizons—current/recent (JWST, Gaia, TESS), near-future (Roman Space Telescope, PLATO), and future concepts (LUVOIR, HabEx, Nautilus)—by classifying signals into optical beacons, planetary technologies, and system megastructures with a focus on non-radio signatures such as lasers for communication, light sails, propulsion exhaust, atmospheric industrial gases detectable from UV to mid-infrared, artificial surface modifications like city lights or vast solar panels, and transits or mid-infrared waste-heat signals, while noting that null results provide valuable statistical constraints and that broader collaboration across missions (as Andy Tomaswick notes) could reshape our understanding of life in the galaxy if a technosignature is found.