PROTEUS Extended: Coupled Interior–Atmosphere Modeling of Young Magma-Ocean Exoplanets and the Balance Between Outgassing and Energy-Limited Escape

To the point

Emma Postolec, Tim Lichtenberg, Harrison Nicholls, Laurent Soucasse, and Floris van der Tak show that a self-consistent coupled interior-atmosphere framework reveals how young magma-ocean rocky planets can follow diverse atmospheric fates driven by the competition between mantle outgassing and energy-limited escape, with mantle redox state and initial volatile inventories determining whether the atmosphere persists and whether it becomes H2/CO-rich or H2O/SO2-rich.