Evaluating Five Artificial-Origin Theories for Cydonia's Faces and Pyramids: Natural Origins Favored

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Five potential artificial origins for the Cydonia faces and pyramids are proposed—an ancient Martian civilization, a civilization from a planet that once existed between Mars and Jupiter, a civilization from another planet or moon in the solar system, an ancient terrestrial civilization, or an interstellar civilization—and the analysis concludes natural explanations are far more likely.

Faces and pyramids in the Cydonia region of Mars. II - Speculations on an artificial origin
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Faces and pyramids in the Cydonia region of Mars. II - Speculations on an artificial origin

Five possibilities for an artificial origin of the faces and pyramids visible in the Cydonia region of Mars are considered. These are: (1) an ancient Martian civilization, (2) a civilization from a planet that once existed between Mars and Jupiter, (3) a civilization from one of the other planets or moons of the solar system, (4) an ancient terrestrial civilization, and (5) an interstellar civilization. It is concluded that a natural cause for the faces and pyramids is far more likely than an artificial one.