Rarity of Galaxy-Spanning Civilizations: Population-Level Limits on Kardashev Type III Radio Broadcasts

To the point

Brian C. Lacki argues that galaxy-spanning radio civilizations are vanishingly rare and that their existence can be constrained by population-level radio source counts and targeted, deeper multi-wavelength searches.

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Galaxies with High Radio Emissions Could be Home to Many Advanced Civilizations
universetoday.com

Galaxies with High Radio Emissions Could be Home to Many Advanced Civilizations

arXiv:2508.00249v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Any population of artificial radio broadcasts in a galaxy contributes to its integrated radio luminosity. If this radio emission is bright enough, inhabited galaxies themselves form a cosmic population of artificial radio galaxies. We can detect these broadcasts individually or set constraints from their collective emission. Using the formalism in Paper I and II, I set bounds on the artificial radio galaxy population using both of these methodol...