Water Vapor in the Atmosphere of K2-18 b Suggests a Hydrogen-rich Envelope on a Habitable-zone Sub-Neptune Orbiting an M-dwarf

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Water vapor has been detected on K2-18 b, an eight-Earth-mass planet in the habitable zone of an M dwarf, suggesting a hydrogen-rich atmosphere with some hydrogen and a measurable water signal; the finding, from Hubble data using open-source tools by Tsiaras, Waldmann, Tinetti, Tennyson, and Yurchenko, relies on NASA MAST data and ExoMol line lists and highlights that temperate sub-Neptune planets around M dwarfs are prime targets for atmospheric studies and collaborative, open-science research.

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Water vapour in the atmosphere of the habitable-zone eight-Earth-mass planet K2-18 b - Nature Astronomy
nature.com

Water vapour in the atmosphere of the habitable-zone eight-Earth-mass planet K2-18 b - Nature Astronomy

K2-18 b is a planet with a mass around eight times that of the Earth that lies within the standard habitable zone of its star. Hubble spectra show the presence of an atmosphere around K2-18 b containing significant amounts of water vapour (up to a few tens of per cent, depending on the spectral model), but also a non-negligible amount of H2–He.