Hidden Oceans on Europa, Enceladus, and Ganymede: The Next Frontier in the Search for Life

To the point

Scientists such as Kevin Hand, Beth Robinson, Jim Green, Heidi Hammel, and Joachim Saur say that Europa, Enceladus, and Ganymede could hide subsurface oceans that make them prime targets in the search for life, with missions like Europa Clipper and JUICE planned to study oceans, plumes, and ice, and the eventual detection of extraterrestrial life could transform science and challenge humanity’s deepest beliefs.

Possibility of Alien Life is Greatest on Europa, Enceladus, & Ganymede
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Possibility of Alien Life is Greatest on Europa, Enceladus, & Ganymede

“Life is not a miracle. It is a natural phenomenon, and can be expected to appear whenever there is a planet whose conditions duplicate those of the Earth.” Such were the words of Harold Urey, physical chemist famed for his contributions to our understanding of organic matter. Indeed, ever since humanity’s search for extraterrestrial organisms began, we...