Beyond the Milky Way: Extragalactic SETI Targets, Transmission Scenarios, and Kardashev Implications

To the point

SETI should look beyond the Milky Way because Garrett and Siemion show thousands of extragalactic targets exist in telescope pointings, and researchers including Jim Benford, Dominic Benford, and Jim’s son have argued for energy‑efficient directional beacons or other transmission ideas, while Seto and Nishino propose timing transmissions to neutron-star mergers, all of which could be detectable and would imply a civilization on the Kardashev scale.