A Third Evolutionary Path for Exoplanets: L 98-59 d’s Magma Ocean and Sunlight-Driven Sulfur Atmosphere

To the point

Led by Harrison Nicholls, researchers suggest L 98-59 d started molten with a large hydrogen and sulfur reservoir under a sulfur‑rich atmosphere and, over billions of years of heat, tides, and sunlight‑driven chemistry, shrank from a sub‑Neptune to a smaller super‑Earth, showing planet sizes can evolve and defy fixed categories.

A Lava World With A Sulfur Sky Doesnt Fit Any Planet Type Scientists Know
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A Lava World With A Sulfur Sky Doesnt Fit Any Planet Type Scientists Know

New JWST data reveal a lava world with sunlight-forged sulfur gases and a past 100 times more hydrogen-rich than early Earths mantle.