Cosmotheoros: Huygens's Probabilistic Inquiry into Life on Other Worlds

To the point

Christiaan Huygens argues that Earth is not unique and intelligent life likely exists on other worlds in diverse forms and technologies, inferred through probabilistic reasoning and empirical astronomy, while avoiding humanoid bias and embracing non-Earth shapes such as exoskeletons, treating uncertainty as a productive engine for scientific imagination that later influenced Kant.

The Uncertain Heavens: Christiaan Huygens’ Ideas of Extraterrestrial Life
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The Uncertain Heavens: Christiaan Huygens’ Ideas of Extraterrestrial Life

During the 17th century, as knowledge of the Universe and its contents increased, so did speculation about life on other planets. One such source, as Hugh Aldersey-Williams explores, was Dutch astronomer, mathematician, and inventor Christiaan Huygens, whose earlier work on probability paved the way for his very modern evaluation of what alien life might look like.