A Statistical Framework for Interstellar Panspermia: Probing Life Transfer via Spatial Correlations in Star Clusters

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Claudio Grimaldi, Manasvi Lingam, and Amedeo Balbi propose a mathematical framework to test interstellar panspermia by linking how long microbes survive, how stars move, and how ejecta spread, arguing that spatial clustering of life-bearing systems could signal panspermia when ejecta speeds overcome stellar motions, with open and globular clusters identified as the best places to look and the likelihood of detection depending on survival lifetimes and environmental dynamics.

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Feasibility of Detecting Interstellar Panspermia in Astrophysical Environments
arxiv.org

Feasibility of Detecting Interstellar Panspermia in Astrophysical Environments

The proposition that life can spread from one planetary system to another (interstellar panspermia) has a long history, but this hypothesis is difficult to test through observations. We develop a mathematical model that takes parameters such as the microbial survival lifetime, the stellar velocity dispersion, and the dispersion of ejecta into account in order to assess the prospects for detecting interstellar panspermia. We show that the correlations between pairs of life-bearing planetary systems (embodied in the pair-distribution function from statistics) may serve as an effective diagnostic of interstellar panspermia, provided that the velocity dispersion of ejecta is greater than the stellar dispersion. We provide heuristic estimates of the model parameters for various astrophysical environments, and conclude that open clusters and globular clusters appear to represent the best targets for assessing the viability of interstellar panspermia.