Nonhuman Intelligence: Problem-Solving, Behavioral Flexibility, and Cross- and Within-Species Comparisons
To the point
Animal intelligence means solving problems and adapting flexibly through inhibition and innovation, and it covers differences between species and differences among individuals, the challenge of fair cross‑species comparisons, links between brain size, ecology, and life history to thinking skills seen in carnivores and primates, methodological measurement challenges, and the idea that nonhuman minds sit at the crossroads of cognitive psychology, comparative cognition, and evolutionary biology with ongoing debate on how best to compare minds across species and individuals.